Research Study on Gender Differences - 1272 Words

Non-verbal communication is defined as communication without words. (Devito, 116) Throughout your interpersonal interactions, your face communicates many things, especially your emotions. (Devito, 125) Women are stereotyped in todays society as to being more emotional than men in emotional settings. Not in all instances is this true, however, men feel they need to set a strong, domineering, display of their emotions and the way they react towards certain emotional situations. Gender display rules are a set of rules that usually either male or female follow in order to fit their specific gender script in society. It is stated in the textbook that women talk more about feelings and emotions and use communication for emotional expression†¦show more content†¦The results of the participants ratings presented that there was no difference between females and males on the way they rated the unpleasantness of the stimuli. The study proved that females show a larger amount of facia l muscle reaction than males to fear-relevant situations, however, there was no difference between the genders with the ratings of unpleasantness. The results of this study prove that females are more facially reactive than males. However, this study does not prove the second hypothesis, which states that females are more emotional in general. (Thunberg Dimberg) Part two of the textbook teaches about messages, which are spoken and unspoken. It covers in depth about non-verbal communication and non-verbal messages. The article I chose to summarize falls into a few different categories which the book emphasizes on. There is a lot of information about how females and males are supposed to act in society, which falls under the term Gender display rules. Due to the fact this research article is about differences in facial reactions between male and females, it falls under two main categories of part two of the textbook, which include facial messages, and gender display rules. There are also other aspects that this article can relate to the textbook material such as: Non-verbal messages, gender stereotypes, non-verbal communication,Show MoreRelatedEssay research study on gender differences1272 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional situations. Gender display rules are a set of rules that usually either male or female follow in order to fit their specific gender script in society. It is stated in the textbook that women talk more about feelings and emotions and use communication for emotional expression more then men, and because of this females express themselves facially more than men. (Devito, 148) The research article I chose to summarize for part two of the textbook is titled, â€Å" Gender Difference in Facial ReactionRead MoreWhen separating men and women according to gender, most people would do it based on physical1300 Words   |  6 Pages When separating men and women according to gender, most people would do it based on physical appearance. Would you have ever thought that you can tell whether someone is man or woman according to psyche? Psychological gender differences have had a long history dating back for more than a century. The use psychological research on women began in 1879 which also marks the beginning of formal psychology. 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The essays focus on gender issues, the representation of gender in readingRead MoreEssay about Gender differences and autobiographical memories1599 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mundane to the profound, help form the self, they provide personal historical context or personal biography for who we are now: they are in essence a ‘database’ of the self.†(Conway, A and Holmes, E, 2005, p228) There has been research conducted into gender differences within autobiographical memories and although not fully understood it has become an apparent theme, that female participants provide more detailed, richer accounts of experiences relating to their memories. A greater emotional connectionRead MoreGender Differences Between Veterans Diagnosed With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And How It Affects The Genders818 Words   |  4 PagesTopic: Gender Difference In Treatment For PTSD Bernardy, N. C., Lund, B. C., Alexander, B., Jenkyn, A. B., Schnurr, P. P., Friedman, M. J. (2013). 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The Absence of Ex-Offenders in Discussions of Diversity Management

Question: Describe about hiring Ex-Offenders an attempt to minimize the squandering of human capital. Answer: Introduction A number of people get released from prison every year. It is important to look forward to their future after their release. The prisoners who get released from the jail, do they get hired by any employer or do they get absorbed as a full-time worker by any organization? Many of them lived happily after their release with their new life (Bushway Apel, 2012). However, there are also different cases as well. A majority of the number of ex-offenders gets refused and deprived of support from their family and workplace, because of their criminal records. The existence of illegal records creates a reputation in the job market as well as in the society which is difficult to break. These individuals then become incapable to continue their professional work as well as social life. Therefore, it is more likely that they will bounce back to their previous life of criminal activities and again go to jail. They are reversed back to their initial situation within maximum two to three years. An ex-offender who is now the owner of a widely known NGO, has taken up an initiative to promote the ex-offenders to get good jobs and has started arranging job opportunities for them (Varghese, 2013). Presently, a nationally acclaimed specialist is using a unique technique for producing delicious potato pies and pound cakes for the retail shop where the specialist only recruit offenders and ex-offenders. In the study, the effect of hiring ex-offenders in order to protect the loss of human capital has been discussed. According to Verbruggen et al. (2012) the study is solely focused on determining the problems faced by the ex-offenders and the opportunities that can be provided for them, so that, they can live a better life after getting released from the jail. Statement of the Problem Offering jobs to the ex-offenders in order to reduce the decaying effects on the human capital is the matter of grave concern to the stake holders and the leaders as well (Nally et al., 2014). A reputed pack of well efficient professional personnel from reputed companies are always in search of competent and efficient workers who will be able to substantiate the needs and responsibilities of the company. A cluster of guidebooks and a group of researchers have emphasized on the cultural, sexual, sociological, and age distributional biases at the workplace. The socioeconomic connection of the ex-offenders in accordance with the current industrial structure will help the country to prevent a substantial loss of the human capital. Therefore, the problem before the researcher is to provide support and strength to the ex-offenders so as to alleviate the problem of human capital loss (Verbruggen et al., 2012). Purpose of the Study The broad purpose of the study is to establish a proper understanding of the advantage of hiring the ex-offenders in order to reduce the loss of human capital. The paper is dedicated to make people aware about using the non-utilized resourceful section of the society. The stakeholders are always careful about recruiting and retaining an efficient workforce, just because an efficient workforce alone can improve the performance of an organization. Therefore, according to Van Schellen et al. (2012) recruiting the ex-offenders who have the minimal record of criminal activities and also who possess the set of skills as per the requirement of the recruiter will be seen as a benchmark. This will also help to reduce the repetitive behavior that the ex-offenders receive as well as add a social value (Van Schellen et al., 2012). Research Questions The research questions that arise while conducting the study are stated below, What are the reasons for not recruiting people with past criminal records? What are the determining factors that put a limit on the hiring and salary of the ex-offenders? What are the main mediums from which the organization may get to know about the background of the ex-offenders? Brief Review of the Literature Inside the prisons, there is always a negative impact on the security, daily administration and the protection. However, in the daily life, this can be considered as a major factor impacting severely. According to Verbruggen et al. (2012) this is a major concern as the persons serving the punishment in jails or prisons in other ways may be destroying the human capital. Therefore, a proper audit and investigation about the efficiency and skills of the prisoners are needed so as to evaluate their contribution to the human capital. Prison is not a place where the qualifications, talents and abilities of the individuals properly utilized. However, according to Harwin (2012), the prisoners in USA are usually interviewed by experts when they come to the jail. This is mainly done to determine the skills and abilities of the individuals. This also helps to distinguish the individuals who may require assistance during the prison period for literacy or other skill development (Verbruggen et al., 2012). The process that involves less time is always aimed to set up certain objectives. This can be represented with the help of an example. The example of such an activity is the registration for the literacy class. According to Nally et al. (2014) organizations like these generally provide occupational qualifications like cookery, hairdressing, carpentry and others. Moreover, sometimes the criminals are induced to enroll for the lesson which may in turn develop the skill sets within the individual and help them to get a full-time job after they get released from the prison. Verbruggen et al. (2012) pointed out that if these prisoners get hired after their release the prisoners as well as the hiring organization will contribute to diminishing the decay of human capital. Nally et al. (2014) pointed out that, a problem may arise when an inmate in the jail is over educated in comparison with the expected level of education in jails. The data collection method regarding the service and wages of the ex-offenders is fairly problematic. Most of the public scientists used the review of a character in order to learn the industrial market; they did not characterize previous criminal records as a query. Again in some researches even if they did so, the responses received on those queries are purely unrealistic. The prisoners are often rejected by the employers because of their poor educational qualification (Fitzgerald et al., 2013). The ex-convicts in the United States of America have undergone a process of criminal justice system; this deprives them of the easily accessible higher educational facilities for the interested persons. According to Jason et al. (2015), the reason for the failure of education system within the prison may be due to the lack of presence of efficient teaching personnel or due to overcrowding. However, Blessett and Pryor (2013), states that if the ex-offenders are amalgamated into the society after their release, they may be sometime become productive and may add value to the society. Despite this fact, Lageson and Uggen (2013) argues that before incorporating these persons in the society or in the workforce, it should be investigated what was the previous record of the person and how was the behavior of the person in jail. It should also be taken into account the skills and abilities of the individual. Otherwise, it may be dangerous for the society. There are several initiatives and works going on in this regard to incorporate these persons in the society so as to alleviate the problems of decaying of human capital. Verbruggen et al. (2012) pointed out that a large number of social scientists are conducting research in this context so that the companies or organizations can recruit the ex-offenders. It has been seen that most of the ex-offenders are rejected for employment by the companies because of their lack of education. Therefore, there are organizations that are trying to solve these problems by providing educational assistance to the interested students in the prison. Solomon (2012) argues that the employment and salary structures of the ex-convicted persons, if they get employed in a company, are more likely to be biased. This is mainly because of their lesser exposure in the working environment and the lesser experience of work (Verbruggen et al., 2012). The organizations mainly take the advantages of these. However acc ording to Van Schellen et al., (2012) a evaluation report of jail inmates should be designed. During the time of release of an inmate on the basis of his performance in jail, if this evaluation report is updated and shared with the main media by which the organizations obtains information about the ex-offenders, then in such a case the concerned organization will also be able to get an idea about the present situation of the person. However, there are many authors, who have gone against this view. According to Sugie (2012), the persons who have served prison years, there is a tendency among them, for instance if they are neglected and receive disapproval from the society, they return to the criminal life again. Theme/Sub-Topic 1: Hiring Ex-Offenders an Attempt to Minimize the Squandering of Human Capital The topic is to determine the effects of hiring the ex-convicts on the companies and thereby reducing the loss of human capital. Human capital is the most important asset to the society, therefore maintaining and nurturing the human capital is a must for the society. Therefore, this paper aims to help the society by increasing awareness about the fact that recruiting the ex-offenders will help to reduce the decay of human capital. This will be in turn a great benefit for the society in near future (Schriro, 2012). Summary To summarize, it can be said that, the erosion of human capital can be stopped by re-employing the ex-offenders. The recruiters or the organizations should look forward to the rehabilitation of the offenders, who have served the prison term and have rectified themselves. Such individuals can be allowed to enter the society with dignity and respect. This will allow reducing the erosion of human capital. Research Method In this chapter the research methodology is described, which will focus on the research, design, research approach, research philosophy, and other criteria of research that are mentioned by the researcher to justify and substantiate the entire research. In this concept paper, an over view of the methodology will be provided in this section. The rationale behind the research is that it is based on the alarming situation of decaying of human capital. Human capital is the most important resource to the society. Therefore, it is an alarming issue that it is decaying day by day (Pijoan, 2014). If the problem of human capital erosion is not addressed immediately, it may affect the society as a whole; therefore, it is an issue to the researcher. Again, as the problem is increasing with the passage of time, it is more important to try to address the problem as soon as possible. The researcher has opted for a qualitative research. The qualitative research is solely based on the data collected via open-ended questions and the data collected has been collected from are primary source. . Based on the data obtained the researcher will perform the data analysis and try to figure out the solution to the research questions. This will help the researcher to obtain effective and efficient results for the research (Moses, 2012). Summary The researcher has well mentioned all the criteria chosen for the concerned topic of research. The basic understanding of the related factors and essential framework of the research has also been underpinned in the study. While conducting the study, the researcher has undertaken an extensive survey of the literature that has enabled the researcher to gain a better insight on the concerned topic. In the light of the knowledge acquired from the literature review the researcher has discussed how the research questions can be answered and how the ex-offenders will be of extreme help if they are considered within the society. On the other hand, the researcher has also focused on the importance of the recruiters without their contribution, the ex-offenders will not able to live a happier life. References Blessett, B., Pryor, M. (2013). The Invisible Job Seeker: The Absence of Ex-Offenders in Discussions of Diversity Management.Public Administration Quarterly, 433-455. Bushway, S. D., Apel, R. (2012). A signaling perspective on employment based reentry programming.Criminology public policy,11(1), 21-50. Fitzgerald, E. L., Chronister, K. M., Forrest, L., Brown, L. (2013). OPTIONS for Preparing Inmates for Community Reentry An Employment Preparation Intervention.The Counseling Psychologist,41(7), 990-1010 Harwin, A. (2012). VII Challenges to Employment Discrimination Against Minority Men With Criminal Records.Berkeley J. Afr.-Am. L. Pol'y,14, 2-65 Jason, L. A., Olson, B. D., Harvey, R. (2015). Evaluating alternative aftercare models for ex-offenders.Journal of drug issues,45(1), 53-68 Lageson, S., Uggen, C. (2013). How work affects crimeand crime affects workover the life course. InHandbook of life-course criminology(pp., 201-212). Springer New York. Moses, M. C. (2012). Ex-offender job placement programs do not reduce recidivism.Corrections Today,74(4), 106-108. Nally, J. M., Lockwood, S., Ho, T., Knutson, K. (2014). Post-release recidivism and employment among different types of released offenders: A 5-year follow-up study in the United States.International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences,9(1), 16 Newell, W. (2013). Legacy of Nixon, Reagan, and Horton: How the Tough on Crime Movement Enabled a New Regime of Race-Influenced Employment Discrimination, The.Berkeley J. Afr.-Am. L. Pol'y,15, 3. Pijoan, E. L. (2014). Legal protections against criminal background checks in Europe.Punishment Society,16(1), 50-73. Schriro, D. (2012). Good Science, Good Sense: Making Meaningful Change HappenA Practitioner's Perspective.Criminology Public Policy,11(1), 101-110. Solomon, A. L. (2012). In search of a job: Criminal records as barriers to employment.NIJ Journal,270, 42-51 Sugie, N. F. (2012). Punishment and welfare: Paternal incarceration and families' receipt of public assistance.Social Forces, sos055 Van Schellen, M., Apel, R., Nieuwbeerta, P. (2012). Because Youre Mine, I Walk the Line? Marriage, Spousal Criminality, and Criminal Offending Over the Life Course.Journal of quantitative criminology,28(4), 701-723. Varghese, F. P. (2013). Vocational Interventions with Offenders Interdisciplinary Research, Theory, and Integration.The Counseling Psychologist,41(7), 1011-1039 Verbruggen, J., Blokland, A. A., van der Geest, V. R. (2012). Effects of employment and unemployment on serious offending in a high-risk sample of men and women from ages 18 to 32 in the Netherlands.British Journal of Criminology,52(5), 845-869.